The Battle of Buena Vista - Mexican American War

The Battle of Buena Vista - Mexican American War The Battle of Buena Vista took place on  February 23, 1847 and was a hard-fought battle between the invading US army, commanded by General Zachary Taylor, and the Mexican army, led by General Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna. Taylor had been fighting his way southwest into Mexico from the border when most of his troops were reassigned to a separate invasion to be led by General Winfield Scott. Santa Anna, with a much larger force, felt he could crush Taylor and re-take northern Mexico. The battle was bloody, but inconclusive, with  both sides claiming it as a victory. General Taylors March Hostilities had broken out between Mexico and the USA in 1846. American General Zachary Taylor, with a well-trained army, had scored major victories at the Battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma near the US/Mexico border and had followed up with the successful siege of Monterrey in September of 1846. After Monterrey, he moved south and took Saltillo. The central command in the USA then decided to send a separate invasion of Mexico via Veracruz and many of Taylors best units were reassigned. By early 1847 he had only some 4,500 men, many of them untested volunteers. Santa Annas Gambit General Santa Anna, recently welcomed back to Mexico after living in exile in Cuba, swiftly raised an army of 20,000 men, many of whom were trained professional soldiers. He marched north, hoping to crush Taylor. It was a risky move, as by then he was aware of Scott’s planned invasion from the east. Santa Anna rushed his men north, losing many to attrition, desertion and illness along the way. He even outpaced his supply lines: his men had not eaten for 36 hours when they met the Americans in battle. General Santa Anna  promised them American supplies after their victory. The Battlefield at Buena Vista Taylor learned of Santa Annas advance and deployed in a defensive position near the Buena Vista ranch a few miles to the south of Saltillo. There, the Saltillo road was flanked on one side by a plateau accessed by several small ravines. It was a good defensive position, although Taylor had to spread his men thinly to cover it all and he had little in the way of reserves. Santa Anna and his army arrived on February 22: he sent Taylor a note demanding surrender as the soldiers skirmished. Taylor predictably refused and the men spent a tense night near the enemy. The Battle of Buena Vista Begins Santa Anna launched his attack the following day. His plan of attack was direct: he would send his best forces against the Americans along the plateau, using the ravines for cover when he could. He also sent an attack along the main road to keep as much of Taylor’s force as possible occupied. By noon the battle was progressing in favor of the Mexicans: volunteer forces in the American center on the plateau had buckled, allowing the Mexicans to take some ground and direct fire into the American flanks. Meanwhile, a large force of Mexican cavalry was making their way around, hoping to surround the American army. Reinforcements reached the American center just in time, however, and the Mexicans were driven back. The Battle  Ends The Americans enjoyed a healthy advantage in terms of artillery: their cannons had carried the day at the battle of Palo Alto earlier in the war and they were again crucial at Buena Vista. The Mexican attack stalled, and the American artillery began pounding the Mexicans, wreaking havoc and causing massive loss of life. Now it was the Mexicans’ turn to break and retreat. Jubilant, the Americans gave chase and were very nearly trapped and destroyed by the massive Mexican reserves. As dusk fell, the weapons went silent with neither side disengaging; most of the Americans thought the battle would be resumed the next day. Aftermath of the Battle The battle had ended, however. During the night, the Mexicans disengaged and retreated: they were battered and hungry and Santa Anna didnt think they would hold for another round of combat. The Mexicans took the brunt of the losses: Santa Anna had lost 1,800 killed or wounded and 300 captured. The Americans had lost 673 officers and men with  another 1,500 or so  deserting. Both sides hailed Buena Vista as a victory. Santa Anna sent glowing dispatches back to Mexico City describing a triumph with thousands of American dead left on the battlefield. Meanwhile, Taylor claimed victory, as his forces had held the battlefield and driven off the Mexicans. Buena Vista was the last major battle in northern Mexico. The American army would remain without taking  further offensive action, pinning their hopes for victory on Scotts planned invasion of Mexico City. Santa Anna had taken his best shot at Taylors army: he would now move south and try and hold off Scott. For the Mexicans, Buena Vista was a disaster. Santa Anna, whose ineptitude as a general has become legendary, actually had a good plan: had he crushed Taylor as  he planned, Scotts invasion might have been recalled. Once the battle started, Santa Anna put the right men in the right places to succeed: had he committed his reserves to the weakened part of the American line on the plateau he might have had his victory. If the Mexicans had won, the entire course of the Mexican-American War may well have changed. It was probably the Mexicans best chance to win a large-scale battle in the war, but they failed to do so. As a historical note, the St. Patricks Battalion, a Mexican artillery unit comprised largely of defectors from the United States Army (mainly Irish and German Catholics, but other nationalities were represented), fought with distinction against their former comrades. The San Patricios, as they were called, formed an elite artillery unit charged with supporting the ground offensive on the plateau. They fought very well, taking out American artillery placements, supporting the infantry advance and later covering a retreat. Taylor sent an elite squad of dragoons after them but they were driven back by withering cannon fire. They were instrumental in capturing two pieces of US artillery, later used by Santa Anna to declare the battle a victory. It would not be the last time that the San Patricios caused great trouble for the Americans. Sources Eisenhower, John S.D. So Far from God: the U.S. War with Mexico, 1846-1848. Norman: the University of Oklahoma Press, 1989 Henderson, Timothy J. A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and its War with the United States.New York: Hill and Wang, 2007. Hogan, Michael. The Irish Soldiers of Mexico. Createspace, 2011. Scheina, Robert L. Latin Americas Wars, Volume 1: The Age of the Caudillo 1791-1899 Washington, D.C.: Brasseys Inc., 2003. Wheelan, Joseph. Invading Mexico: Americas Continental Dream and the Mexican War, 1846-1848. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2007.

Mole Relations in Balanced Equations Example Problems

Mole Relations in Balanced Equations Example Problems These are worked chemistry problems showing how to calculate the number of moles of reactants or products in a balanced chemical equation. Mole Relations Problem #1 Determine the number of moles of N2O4 needed to react completely with 3.62 mol of N2H4 for the reaction 2 N2H4(l) N2O4(l) → 3 N2(g) 4 H2O(l). How to Solve the Problem The first step is to check to see that the chemical equation is balanced. Make sure the number of atoms of each element are the same on both sides of the equation. Remember to multiply the coefficient by all atoms following it. The coefficient is the number in front of a chemical formula. Multiply each subscript only by the atom right before it. The subscripts are the lower numbers found immediately following an atom. Once you verify the equation is balanced, you can establish the relationship between the number of moles of reactants and products. Find the relation between moles of N2H4 and N2O4 by using the coefficients of the balanced equation: 2 mol N2H4 is proportional to 1 mol N2O4 Therefore, the conversion factor is 1 mol N2O4/2 mol N2H4: moles N2O4 3.62 mol N2H4 x 1 mol N2O4/2 mol N2H4 moles N2O4 1.81 mol N2O4 Answer 1.81 mol N2O4 Mole Relations Problem #2 Determine the number of moles of N2 produced for the reaction 2 N2H4(l) N2O4(l) → 3 N2(g) 4 H2O(l) when the reaction begins with 1.24 moles of N2H4. Solution This chemical equation is balanced, so the molar ratio of reactants and products may be used. Find the relation between moles of N2H4 and N2 by using the coefficients of the balanced equation: 2 mol N2H4 is proportional to 3 mol N2 In this case, we want to go from moles of N2H4 to moles of N2, so the conversion factor is 3 mol N2/2 mol N2H4: moles N2 1.24 mol N2H4 x 3 mol N2/2 mol N2H4 moles N2 1.86 mol N2O4 Answer 1.86 mol N2 Tips for Success The keys to getting the correct answer are: Make sure the chemical equation is balanced.Use the coefficients in front of compounds to get molar ratios.Check to make sure you use the appropriate number of significant figures for atomic masses and report mass using the correct number of figures.

Conclusion for the thesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conclusion for the thesis - Essay Example However, rural areas of the world are lacking behind the modern world, in terms of growth as well as learning due to lack of exposure to the internet. This paper is seeks to examine the solutions to the rural sectors of the world with this regard. Since using a cable is far too expensive as well as complex, we will study the use of an antenna instead. An antenna is not only inexpensive, but also very easy to install and use, as well as covers a greater area as compared to the cable. An antenna can make WLAN, WMAN, WPAN as well as WWAN very easy to use. Before I start my paper, it is essential to know certain properties of antennas, to get familiar with certain terms in the rest of my paper. An antenna has four different properties. The properties are as follows: If the antenna is perpendicular to the wire, it is radiating electricity at its maximum. In case the pattern of the radiation is vertical to the whip, it could be labeled as omnidirectional. In case the whip is slightly tilted, the signal minimum, also known as the ‘null’ tends to disappear. The reason why the radiation pattern is important is because one needs to ensure that in the desired direction of communication, the null is not existent. Polarization refers to the orientation of the communication system. In case other antennas in a similar structure are oriented similarly, they are regarded as having similar polarization. In case the whip is vertical, while the antenna has a horizontal polarization, the communication pattern would not be very effective. One of the most essential concerns that would arise during this procedure would involve how well the power is transmitted to the antenna. In case the antenna’s circuit is able to carry a load of 50 ohm, the antenna needs to have an ‘impedance’ of at least 50 ohms in order to maximize its results. An antenna is essentially an electronic device that converts the

Auditing failures and quantitative measurement of materiality Essay

Auditing failures and quantitative measurement of materiality judgement - Essay Example This may be resulting due to the intentional or unintentional involvement of the auditor in accepting serious misstatements from the company professionals. Large number of factors can be defined as the causes of the audit failure. However, broadly following four categories engulf almost all aspects of audit failure. First and foremost is the failure on the part of the auditor to ensure the compliance of reporting financial statement with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) or standards of audit. An evidence in the survey reported that nearly 49% of the audit failure resulted due to inability of the auditor to fully comply with the GAAP and GAAS rules. For example, Ernst & Young in USA has recent been charged to pay around USD two million for violating PCAAOB rules of auditing in the audit of its client Medicis Pharmaceutical Corporation (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, 2012). In the referred case, E&Y remained the external auditor of the company for nearly 20 years and financial statement of 2008 is found to have clear distortion from GAAP rules. The second reason that results in the failure of audit include the due involvement of the auditor. This results when auditor issues due report that warrants compliance of the financial statement with the set standards and principles. ... d penalizes the auditor for the reason that failure ultimately results due to the lacking on the auditor’s part (Peursem, Zhou, Flood, and Buttimore, 2007). It is evident that auditors’ firms usually end up paying the penalty without agreeing or denying the charges (Peursem, Zhou, Flood, and Buttimore, 2007; United States Securities and Exchange Commission, 2013). The third aspect of the audit failure results when an auditor intentionally or intentionally ignores the investigation requiring component of the financial statement due to having some financial interest in the organization. In almost all cases of the audit fraud, the auditors are investigated for supporting fraud in lieu of having direct and indirect financial interest in the organization or negligence. According to the Peursem, Zhou, Flood, and Buttimore, (2007) with respect to the case of Adelphia, Deloitte had a financial interest in the company as it was largest and long terms standing in the clientele li st of the Pittsburgh office of Deloitte. The case of GTGI also faced this issue when auditor relied heavily on the information provision by the management representatives. Auditor in this case ignored the need of giving exploratory assessment to the revenue and other related components of the financial statement. Finally, the most common aspect of effect is having some personal relationship with the client or entity for which the auditor is providing a service. Such relationships result in impacting the audit activity than having normal business relationship in independency. For instance, Peursem, Zhou, Flood, and Buttimore, (2007) have reported the case of Adelphia also claimed that many partners of the audit firm had a relationship with Adelphia and the family member of the management of the

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Essay Example for Free

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Essay Cardiac arrest is considered as the prime cause of sudden deaths in the modern world, claiming tens of thousands of lives globally each year (http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/mor_car_arr-mortality-cardiac-arrest).   It has been determined that survival rates after cardiac arrest are very low, due to consequent ventricular fibrillation that immediately results in zero cardiac output and death within a few minutes (http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Ventricular-fibrillation).   During cardiac arrest, oxygen flow in the brain in significantly affected and brain damage may possibly occur if no emergency treatment is given as soon as possible. Emergency treatment of cardiac arrest generally involves manual artificial breathing to facilitate oxygen circulation to the brain, as well as chemical and electrical induction of the heart to reinstate its normal beating.   Such emergency procedures mainly aim to provide a way to reoxygenate the brain and to save it from further irreversible damage.   Consequently, reoxygenation also generates free radicals that are responsible in creating a post-resuscitation syndrome, which is characterized by necrosis of different tissues of the patient. The observation that tissues survive at particular hypothermic settings has been evaluated as a promising emergency treatment for cardiac arrest (http://www.rnweb.com/rnweb/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=158218).   Hypothermia involves subjecting the body of an individual in a temperature that is below the normal physiologic temperature.   The effect of hypothermia in protecting the brain from severe and irreversible damage during the non-oxygenated state of cardiac arrest is currently being evaluated, after successful results in dog models.   Several investigations have been conducted on the direct and immediate positive effect of hypothermia in cardiac arrest patients.    A prospective clinical trial involving the use mild resuscitative cerebral hypothermia in 27 cardiac arrest patients for at least 24 hours showed that hypothermia treatment is reliable and safe (Zeiner et al., 2000).   The procedure involved cooling of the entire body, including the head, resulting in a lowering of body temperature within 62 minutes after commencement of hypothermia treatment. It is interesting to note that no further complications associated with the cardiac arrest were observed after the application of hypothermia treatment.   In a separate investigation, 55% of cardiac arrest patients treated with hypothermia was observed to show positive responses to the treatment, as well as a decrease in the mortality rate 6 months after hypothermia treatment, suggesting that hypothermia treatment favors the prevents deleterious brain damage and death among cardiac arrest patients (HACASG, 2002). However, there are also certain issues with regards to the application of hypothermia in cardiac arrest patients that remains unclear and doubtful.   One of these includes the inclusion and exclusion criteria that will determine whether a particular patient will benefit from such treatment (Skowronski, 2005).   This comment is mainly based on the need for personalized treatment of patients because of the recent observation of inter-individual variations in the response to specific treatments. Such observation explains subtle yet significant differences that should be addressed during medication, diagnosis and testing of patients for any type of illness.   With regards to cardiac arrest emergency treatments, it is of prime importance that a patient’s unique physiological, genetic, metabolic and cardiac profile be determined first before subjecting him to hypothermic conditions.   However, this profiling may also pose to be a hindrance during emergency treatment because the survival of the cardiac arrest patient mainly depends on the speed of administration of the treatment to the patient. Specific risks have already been identified to be associated with hypothermia treatment of cardiac arrest patients (http://www.sca-aware.org/sca-treatment.php#treatment3).   The exposure of the patient to cold temperatures at a prolonged duration may cause bleeding or hemorrhage in specific organs of the patients because the cold temperature slows down the blot clotting capability of the platelets.   In addition, a cardiac patient treated with hypothermia may suffer from infection because the immune system is also inhibited by prolonged cold temperatures. An alternative treatment that is parallel to hypothermia has been proposed to be as effective as hypothermia, and possibly much safer than the more radical hypothermic exposure of the cardiac patient to low temperature levels. The alternative treatment involves intravenous introduction of ice-cold fluid to the patient using automated cooling equipment (Bernard, 2005).   Such settings provide the healthcare personnel complete control over the temperature of the intravenous fluid, which plays a vital role in the emergency treatment of the cardiac arrest patients. Until sufficient clinical investigatory information has been collected from comprehensive and comparative studies on the risks and benefits of hypothermia treatment on cardiac arrest patients, it is imperative that healthcare personnel be cautious in administering such rapid and radical treatment to cardiac arrest patients. There have been active requests from the medical research field that such investigations will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms and pathophysiological routes that are involved in the exposure of the body, most specifically the brain and the rest of the central nervous system, to cold temperature during those critical non-oxygenated states (Bernard, 2004). References Bernard (2004):   Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: Hypothermia is now standard care for some types of cardiac arrest.   Med. J. Austral.  Ã‚   181(9):468-469. Bernard SA (2005):   Hypothermia improves outcome from cardiac arrest.   Crit. Care Resusc.   7:325-327. Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Study Group (HACASG) (2002):   Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest.   N. Engl. J. Med.   346(8):549-556. Skowronski GA (2005):   Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest- Not so fast.   Crit. Care Resusc.   7:322-324. Zeiner A, Holzer M, Sterz F, Behringer W, Scho ¨rkhuber W, Mu ¨llner M, Frass M, Siostrzonek P, Ratheiser K, Kaff A and Laggner AN (2000):   Mild resuscitative hypothermia to improve neurological outcome after cardiac arrest: A clinical feasibility trial.   Stroke   31:86-94. http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Ventricular-fibrillation      Ã‚  Ã‚  Nation Master- EncyclopediaVentricular fibrillation http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/mor_car_arr-mortality-cardiac-arrest   Ã‚  Ã‚   Mortality Statistics Cardiac arrest by country http://mweb.com/rnweb/article/articleDetail.jsp?id158219 http://www.sca-aware.org/sca-treatment.php#treatment3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therapeutic Hypothermia

The American Revolution And Womens Freedom Essay -- Essays on America

The American Revolution (1775-1783) was a time of great change in America. American men were fighting for their right to be free from an oppressive ruler 3000 miles away. They wanted to have their say about what went on in their own country. America won the Revolution and its freedom, but while this was going on something else was happening. Internally changes were coming about too during all this fighting. The Revolution was the catalyst for women to make progress towards freedom. Women were making economic and political gains to further women's rights. While their husbands were away at war, the women had to work and take care of the home. Women who had never worked outside the home before had to work out in the field all day now, or if a woman lived in the city she had to get a job to support the rest of the family. During this time in the city of Philadelphia, colonial women had a job either within or outside the home, and most women worked for pay. According to Karin Wulf, "These women… helped to shape urban community and urban culture in the eighteenth-century city." Ruth Henshaw a nineteen- year old girl kept a diary focusing on her work with textiles, her school teaching and her familial and social life in 1792. , Clearly by her entries it can be seen that even girls of nineteen could hold jobs, make money and survive on their own, independent of a man if they had to or wanted to. Economic progress can also be seen in the fact that many women once widowed never remarried. "As independent women, they could act legally a nd economically in ways that their married sisters could not." They were able to rent property to and from their neighbors, buy and sell goods, and have a paid job outside the home. Sure, women may hav... ... Colonies," in Major Problems in American Women's History, 3rd ed., edited by Mary Beth Norton and Ruth M. Alexander, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003), 52-54. "The Patriot Esther DeBerdt Reed Describes the ‘Sentiments of an American Women,' 1780." Reprinted in Chapter 4, "The Impact of the American Revolution," in Major Problems in American Women's History, 3rd ed., edited by Mary Beth Norton and Ruth M. Alexander, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003), 71-73. Wulf, Karin. "Rachel Draper's Neighborhood: Work and Community," Not All Wives: Women of Colonial Philadelphia (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2000), 119-121, 130-148. Reprinted in Chapter 3, "The Economic Roles of Women in the Northern Colonies," in Major Problems in American Women's History, 3rd ed., edited by Mary Beth Norton and Ruth M. Alexander, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003), 61-68.

Qualitative and Quantitative Research Essay

Quantitative research involves collecting numerical data though content analysis, performance tests, personality measures, questionnaires, etc. Quantitative research allows for experimental and non-experimental research. Experimental research tests cause and effect, while non-experimental research, such as, correlation research, relates variables, and survey research describes trends. There are three basic types of quantitative research questions: descriptive research questions, correlational research questions, and causal research questions. However, research involves collecting word data though interviews, open-ended questionnaires, observations, content analysis, focus groups, etc. Qualitative research can explore common experience (Grounded Theory Research), shared culture (Ethnography), an environment (Case Study), or an individual (Narrative Research). Both type of research ask research questions, focus on type of data, and have variables. Research Questions Research Questions are clear, concise, and arguable questions. A qualitative research question â€Å"explores a central concept or phenomenon† (Schreiber 2012). An example of a qualitative research question is how do African American male elementary students read popular fiction written by Caucasian female authors? This is an ethnographic research question that will explore hared culture of a group of people. Differently, a quantitative research question â€Å"relates attributes or characteristics of individuals or organizations† (Schreiber 2012). There are three basic types of quantitative research questions: descriptive research questions, correlational research questions, and causal research questions. Descriptive research questions describe variables being studied. An example of descriptive research question is does reading popular fiction increase test scores in elementary students? This research question is an experimental research question that tests the cause and effect. Another research question is the correlational research question, which relates variables. An example of correlational research question is do elementary students who read popular fiction has a higher test scores than those who do not read popular fiction? This is also a correlation research that relate variables. The final basic type of  quantitative research question is the causal research question. Causal research questions test for a cause and effect relationship between variables. An example of causal research questions is all other factors being equal, do elementary students reading popular fiction achieve better test scores than students reading curriculum-required fiction? This is also an experimental research question that tests the cause and effect. Variables Quantitative research and qualitative research have variables; a variable is any measured characteristic or attribute that differs for different subjects (Lane 2006). Variable can be either independent (IV), or dependent (DV). An independent variable is a variable that remain the same, but the researcher manipulates a dependent variable. Additionally, there are covariate (CoV) relates variable, is related to the DV, and is also a predictor value. In the example of a qualitative research question is how do African American male elementary students read assigned popular fiction written by Caucasian female authors? the IV is gender, age, and ethnicity, the DV is the assigned popular fiction, and the CoV is socioeconomic status. In the example of a quantitative research question is does reading assigned popular fiction increase test scores in elementary students? the IV is the age, gender, and ethnicity, the DV is assigned popular fiction, and the CoV is socioeconomic status. An example of the quantitative research question is do elementary students who read assigned popular fiction has a higher test scores than those who do not read popular fiction? the IV is age, gender, and ethnicity, the DV is assigned popular fiction, and the CoV is socioeconomic status. The final example of a quantitative research question is do elementary students reading assigned popular fiction achieve better test scores than students reading curriculum-required fiction? the IV is age, ethnicity, and gender, the DV is assigned popular fiction and curriculum-required fiction, and the CoV is socio-economic status. Type of Data Quantitative research uses Ordinal, Ratio, or Interval Scale, while  qualitativew research uses Nominal Scale. Both nominal and ordinal data are categorical, but interval and ratio data are continuous. In the example of a qualitative research question is how do African American male elementary students read assigned popular fiction written by Caucasian female authors? That data is nominal. Nominal data is categorical. Nominal data is consists of assigning items to groups or categories that cannot be related to each other (StatSoft 2010). The nominal data is African American and male, a well as Caucasian and female. Moreover, in the example of a quantitative research question is does reading assigned popular fiction increase test scores in elementary students? that data is interval. Interval data rank order, but also quantify and compare the sizes of differences between them (StatSoft 2010). Interval data is continuous. The interval data is the test scores, because they can be higher or lower, but it is not known how much higher. An example of the quantitative research question is do elementary students who read assigned popular fiction has a higher test scores than those who do not read popular fiction? that data is ratio data. Ratio data is continuous. Ratio data rank order, but also quantify and compare the sizes of differences between them. Ratio data has an absolute zero and allows for how many times greater. The research can find out how many times greater are the test scores of elementary student who read popular fiction than those who did not. The final example of a quantitative research question is do elementary students reading popular fiction achieve better test scores than students reading curriculum-required fiction? that data is ratio data. Like the question above, the research can discover how many times greater are the test scores of elementary student wh o read popular fiction than those who did not. Conclusion Both type of research ask research questions, focus on type of data, and have variables. Quantitative research uses an objective/unbiased approach to collecting numerical data from participants and analyzes these numbers using statistics in order to answer a specific, narrow research question. On the other hand, qualitative research uses a subjective/biased approach to collecting words from participants and analyzes/describes these words in  order to answer a broad, general research question. Bibliography †¢Lane, D.M. (2006, June). Glossary. Rice Virtual Lab in Statistics Retrieved January 31, 2014, from http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/glossary.html †¢Research Methods ** Available in the Presentations section. †¢Schreiber, Deborah Ph.D. 2012 Research Methods in Education †¢StatSoft, Inc. (2010). Electronic Statistics Textbook. Elementary Concepts. Retrieved January 31, 2014, from http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/elementary-concepts-in-statistics/?button=1

My Life Plan Essay

My dream is to serve members of the community in the medical field as a Radiology Technician with care, compassion, and knowledge. I have had many influences from medicine, from past jobs as well as past experiences. I have worked in pharmacy as well as general medicine, internal medicine and orthopedics. My most significant influence to strive for a career in the medical field was by personal experience. My daughter was diagnosed with cancer at age 1. There were many, many doctors, nurses, radiologists, radiology technicians and medical personnel that assisted us in our long journey towards good health. Each of these had a huge impact on my life, now it is my turn to give back. In order to achieve my goal, my first challenge was to enroll in school. I have been out of college for over twenty years now; this was a huge decision, not just for me but for my whole family. My husband is also in medicine, he is a pharmacy technician and systems analyst at the hospital in the pharmacy department. Our girls, ages 17 and 9 are very active in school activities as well as sports and music; this meant they would have to take on more responsibilities at home. I am now in my first semester back in school. Just taking the first steps have been personally motivating as well as fulfilling. I know that any goals I set for myself are now within reach, regardless of whether they are long term or short term goals. I have set the bar high for myself, wanting to get A’s in all of my classes. Once my pre-requisites are complete, my next goal is to get into the Radiology Technician Program. Once I am there, I want to graduate with my Associates Degree as a Radiology Technician. I have my heart set on a career as a Radiology Technician. I want to help people as I have been helped by others. I want to be able to excel at my career, but also to provide the art of healing with compassion and care. I want to be able to help each patient with understanding, empathy, respect, kindness and thoughtfulness. I know that I can do this. I have confidence in myself that if I want this bad enough, I can complete all of the tasks in front of me to get there. I believe in myself and my family believes in me. I have support from friends that have gone back to college later in life that are now successful in their own careers. They are now a model to follow. Having my short term and long terms goals mapped out makes me aware of how important it is to achieve each goal. No matter how small or insignificant each goal is, each is a stepping stone to the next. If I miss a step, I can go back, but it will take me longer to get to my next goal. This â€Å"road map† will help me in all aspects of my life, school, family and career. I can keep adding goals to my list, keeping certain to achieve and master what lies ahead.

How to Use Psychology in Advertising to Make People Buy

How to Use Psychology in Advertising to Make People Buy 5,000. That’s the number of advertisements that the average consumer is exposed to every day. You are probably thinking†¦ â€Å"How the heck can I make people notice my advertisements?† Advertisers have long discovered that they can leverage psychology to find what attracts attention, leaves an impression, persuades, and leads to the act of purchase. That being said, you can use psychology to make sure that your advertising is actually working. Ok, that’s awesome. But how? If you want to learn how to make your advertisements actually work, by work I mean make people buy your product, keep on scrolling’.👇 On average, people are exposed to nearly 5,000 ads per day. #advertising.The Psychology of Advertising Chances are you specialize in marketing, not psychology, so this area may be a little†¦ fuzzy. So what is the Psychology of Advertising? Psychology explores human nature, the psyche, and why people behave the way they do. Advertising explores the art of influencing human behavior to make certain purchase decisions. Its no surprise that these two areas converge. Psychology explores human nature, the psyche, and why people behave the way they do. Advertising explores the art of influencing human behavior to make certain purchase decisions. Basic Types of Advertisements Nowadays, there are so many different types of advertisements. Whether you’re using traditional tactics or digital tactics, understanding the psychology behind your advertisements is important. Here are a few of the basic forms of advertisements: Traditional Commercials Newspaper Magazine Radio Direct mail Billboard Digital Social Google Ads Search Display Inbox Sponsored listings Whether you’re running a Google ad, or just put up a billboard, you’ll want to choose either the thinking or feeling approach for your advertisement. CPM vs. HEM There are two basic models that explain how people process information, the Consumer Processing Model and the Hedonic, Experiential Model. In other words, thinking and feeling models. Chances are you’ll lean towards one model, depending on your product and audience. Ads don’t have to be one or the other, think of it more as a scale. Thinking Thinking approaches of advertisements allow consumers to use logic and reason to buy the product based on features or solving a problem. You can think of this advertisement as facts based if that helps. You should use a thinking approach if: You want to highlight direct information, features, benefits, or advantages. Your product is interpreted as a product used to solve a serious need, for example, migraine medication. It aligns with your brand voice  and target audience. Use the thinking approach if: You want to highlight features, benefits, or information Your product relates to a serious issue The approach aligns with your brand voice + target audience An example of an advertisement that uses a CPM approach, or a thinking approach, is Apple’s commercial that introduces their new feature launch of the iPhone XS and iPhone XR. It’s clear that they are highlighting the specific features and benefits of their products with no fluff. Feeling According to a 2016 Nielson Report, ads that generated emotional response got a 23% lift in sales volume. Feeling approaches use emotion to capture consumer behavior. Whether it’s fun, fantasy, or fear, the HEM approach persuades consumers using emotion. You should use a feeling approach if: You can leverage some type of emotion (humor, fear, love, etc.) that will lead a consumer to buy your product. You want to make light of a situation. It aligns with your brand voice and target audience. Use the feeling approach if: You want to leverage some type of emotion You want to make light of a situation The approach aligns with your brand voice + target audience In this commercial, Apple uses a feel-good approach, persuading people to share gifts. Although this ad doesn’t focus on a specific product or feature, they leverage their brand voice and give consumers a good feeling. With over 21 million views, it’s safe to say they got the message out there. Persuasion Techniques Using Emotion If you’ve decided to use the feeling approach for your advertisement, it’s important to choose the emotion that best appeals to your product, target audience, and brand. I’ve listed 4 of the basic emotions that people use in advertising. Humor Humor drives memorability.  If you’re looking to make people remember your product and your brand, this may be the best option for you. Making people laugh helps people remember your brand in a positive light. A company that slayed the humor game is Old Spice. Using humor in your advertisements makes people remember it more than any other emotion.Fear Using fear in an ad can be tricky, but if done right it can be very effective. This tactic uses fear as a persuasion technique by using your product to solve a problem or to change a behavior. Excitement Using excitement  in your advertising can be perfect if you have a feature launch or something exciting to share with your audience. Excitement causes your mind and body to react, which can make people more likely to act and make a purchasing decision. Sadness Making people sad is a great way to get their attention. I know how awful that sounds, but it’s true. Remember that sad puppy commercial  that Budweiser created back in 2014 with the puppies? It was sad in the beginning but made you feel good at the end, and was very memorable. 4 basic emotions to persuade Humor Fear Excitement Sadness Every emotion persuades consumers in a different way, so make sure that the emotion you choose is the best match for your product and brand, and ultimately helps you towards the goal of your advertisement (a.k.a. make people buy). Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/marketing-objectives/ Consumer Information Process Now that we covered the basics, it’s important to know how your audience is going to process the information that you’re throwing in their face, literally. There are 7 important steps that happen before your customer purchases. Ultimately, you have control over almost all of these steps. Exposure to Information This is the very first thing that happens when a viewer sees your ad. This step stems from brand awareness. If it’s someone's very first time seeing the ad, let alone your brand, they may not even notice it. That’s why it’s important to factor in repetition to make your audience more exposed to your advertisement. Selective attention Now that your consumer has been exposed to the information, it’s time to grab their attention (and never let go). This step is tricky because you have no control over your consumer and there is no guarantee that they will see your ad. What I mean is that just because you run a commercial, it doesn’t mean people are watching the tv, or just because you run a display ad, it doesn’t mean the consumer even looks at it. You have to make your target audience notice you with all the distractions going on in their everyday life. Using the Color Psychology  principles to attract viewers is one of the smartest ways to achieve their undivided attention. Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/color-psychology-marketing/ Comprehension This step is pretty important because if your consumer can’t comprehend what you’re selling, chances are they aren’t going to purchase. If you’re using the HEM approach, it’s important that you make sure that your underlying message is clear. Don’t let the message in your advertisement overshine your product. Agreement You’ve captured their attention, they understand what your selling, what’s next? Agreement. If you have a credible message that aligns with your target audience and their needs, this step should naturally happen. If you want more tips on creating effective articles, read this. Retention and Retrieval Think back to the last ad you saw that you actually stood out. Why did it stand out to you? This is your chance to make your ad stand out from the rest so when the consumer is ready to purchase, they think of you and not your competition. Check out what your competitors are doing and make sure that your advertisement is different than theirs (and better 😉). Decision Making At this step you’re so close, yet so far away. Your consumer realizes that your product may be right for them, but there are so many considerations in the decision making process. Adding a call to action could be the extra push that your consumer needs to buy your product. If the consumer decides to buy your product after seeing your advertisement, it doesn’t mean that they will follow through. Keep in mind that the product isn’t sold until that purchase is made. Action This final step was the goal all along, to make the consumer purchase your product. Give yourself a pat on the back because this means your advertisement worked. Through all the ads that consumers are exposed to and the different steps their brain takes before purchasing a product, they chose yours. How to Use Psychology in Advertising to Make People Buy 5,000. That’s the number of advertisements that the average consumer is exposed to every day. You are probably thinking†¦ â€Å"How the heck can I make people notice my advertisements?† Advertisers have long discovered that they can leverage psychology to find what attracts attention, leaves an impression, persuades, and leads to the act of purchase. That being said, you can use psychology to make sure that your advertising is actually working. Ok, that’s awesome. But how? If you want to learn how to make your advertisements actually work, by work I mean make people buy your product, keep on scrolling’.👇 On average, people are exposed to nearly 5,000 ads per day. #advertising.The Psychology of Advertising Chances are you specialize in marketing, not psychology, so this area may be a little†¦ fuzzy. So what is the Psychology of Advertising? Psychology explores human nature, the psyche, and why people behave the way they do. Advertising explores the art of influencing human behavior to make certain purchase decisions. Its no surprise that these two areas converge. Psychology explores human nature, the psyche, and why people behave the way they do. Advertising explores the art of influencing human behavior to make certain purchase decisions. Basic Types of Advertisements Nowadays, there are so many different types of advertisements. Whether you’re using traditional tactics or digital tactics, understanding the psychology behind your advertisements is important. Here are a few of the basic forms of advertisements: Traditional Commercials Newspaper Magazine Radio Direct mail Billboard Digital Social Google Ads Search Display Inbox Sponsored listings Whether you’re running a Google ad, or just put up a billboard, you’ll want to choose either the thinking or feeling approach for your advertisement. CPM vs. HEM There are two basic models that explain how people process information, the Consumer Processing Model and the Hedonic, Experiential Model. In other words, thinking and feeling models. Chances are you’ll lean towards one model, depending on your product and audience. Ads don’t have to be one or the other, think of it more as a scale. Thinking Thinking approaches of advertisements allow consumers to use logic and reason to buy the product based on features or solving a problem. You can think of this advertisement as facts based if that helps. You should use a thinking approach if: You want to highlight direct information, features, benefits, or advantages. Your product is interpreted as a product used to solve a serious need, for example, migraine medication. It aligns with your brand voice  and target audience. Use the thinking approach if: You want to highlight features, benefits, or information Your product relates to a serious issue The approach aligns with your brand voice + target audience Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/brand-voice-guidelines/ An example of an advertisement that uses a CPM approach, or a thinking approach, is Apple’s commercial that introduces their new feature launch of the iPhone XS and iPhone XR. It’s clear that they are highlighting the specific features and benefits of their products with no fluff. Feeling According to a 2016 Nielson Report, ads that generated emotional response got a 23% lift in sales volume. Feeling approaches use emotion to capture consumer behavior. Whether it’s fun, fantasy, or fear, the HEM approach persuades consumers using emotion. You should use a feeling approach if: You can leverage some type of emotion (humor, fear, love, etc.) that will lead a consumer to buy your product. You want to make light of a situation. It aligns with your brand voice and target audience. Use the feeling approach if: You want to leverage some type of emotion You want to make light of a situation The approach aligns with your brand voice + target audience In this commercial, Apple uses a feel-good approach, persuading people to share gifts. Although this ad doesn’t focus on a specific product or feature, they leverage their brand voice and give consumers a good feeling. With over 21 million views, it’s safe to say they got the message out there. Persuasion Techniques Using Emotion If you’ve decided to use the feeling approach for your advertisement, it’s important to choose the emotion that best appeals to your product, target audience, and brand. I’ve listed 4 of the basic emotions that people use in advertising. Humor Humor drives memorability.  If you’re looking to make people remember your product and your brand, this may be the best option for you. Making people laugh helps people remember your brand in a positive light. A company that slayed the humor game is Old Spice. Using humor in your advertisements makes people remember it more than any other emotion.Fear Using fear in an ad can be tricky, but if done right it can be very effective. This tactic uses fear as a persuasion technique by using your product to solve a problem or to change a behavior. Excitement Using excitement  in your advertising can be perfect if you have a feature launch or something exciting to share with your audience. Excitement causes your mind and body to react, which can make people more likely to act and make a purchasing decision. Sadness Making people sad is a great way to get their attention. I know how awful that sounds, but it’s true. Remember that sad puppy commercial  that Budweiser created back in 2014 with the puppies? It was sad in the beginning but made you feel good at the end, and was very memorable. 4 basic emotions to persuade Humor Fear Excitement Sadness Every emotion persuades consumers in a different way, so make sure that the emotion you choose is the best match for your product and brand, and ultimately helps you towards the goal of your advertisement (a.k.a. make people buy). Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/marketing-objectives/ Consumer Information Process Now that we covered the basics, it’s important to know how your audience is going to process the information that you’re throwing in their face, literally. There are 7 important steps that happen before your customer purchases. Ultimately, you have control over almost all of these steps. Exposure to Information This is the very first thing that happens when a viewer sees your ad. This step stems from brand awareness. If it’s someone's very first time seeing the ad, let alone your brand, they may not even notice it. That’s why it’s important to factor in repetition to make your audience more exposed to your advertisement. Selective attention Now that your consumer has been exposed to the information, it’s time to grab their attention (and never let go). This step is tricky because you have no control over your consumer and there is no guarantee that they will see your ad. What I mean is that just because you run a commercial, it doesn’t mean people are watching the tv, or just because you run a display ad, it doesn’t mean the consumer even looks at it. You have to make your target audience notice you with all the distractions going on in their everyday life. Using the Color Psychology  principles to attract viewers is one of the smartest ways to achieve their undivided attention. Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/color-psychology-marketing/ Comprehension This step is pretty important because if your consumer can’t comprehend what you’re selling, chances are they aren’t going to purchase. If you’re using the HEM approach, it’s important that you make sure that your underlying message is clear. Don’t let the message in your advertisement overshine your product. Agreement You’ve captured their attention, they understand what your selling, what’s next? Agreement. If you have a credible message that aligns with your target audience and their needs, this step should naturally happen. If you want more tips on creating effective articles, read this. Retention and Retrieval Think back to the last ad you saw that you actually stood out. Why did it stand out to you? This is your chance to make your ad stand out from the rest so when the consumer is ready to purchase, they think of you and not your competition. Check out what your competitors are doing and make sure that your advertisement is different than theirs (and better 😉). Decision Making At this step you’re so close, yet so far away. Your consumer realizes that your product may be right for them, but there are so many considerations in the decision making process. Adding a call to action could be the extra push that your consumer needs to buy your product. If the consumer decides to buy your product after seeing your advertisement, it doesn’t mean that they will follow through. Keep in mind that the product isn’t sold until that purchase is made. Action This final step was the goal all along, to make the consumer purchase your product. Give yourself a pat on the back because this means your advertisement worked. Through all the ads that consumers are exposed to and the different steps their brain takes before purchasing a product, they chose yours.

Preparing for the Revised GRE in One Month

Preparing for the Revised GRE in One Month Youre ready to go. Youve registered for the Revised GRE and now you have a month before you take the exam. What should you do first? How do you prepare for the GRE in one month when you dont want to hire a tutor or take a class? Listen. You dont have too much time, but thank goodness youre preparing for a test one month in advance and didnt wait until you only had a few weeks or even days. If youre preparing for a test of this kind of magnitude, read on for a study schedule to help you get a good GRE score! Preparing for the GRE in One Month: Week 1 Double Check: Make sure your GRE registration is 100% all set to be sure youre actually registered for the Revised GRE. Youd be amazed how many people think theyre taking the test when theyre not.Purchase A Test Prep Book: Buy a comprehensive GRE test prep book from a well-known test prep company like The Princeton Review, Kaplan, PowerScore, etc. GRE apps are great and all (here are some fabulous GRE apps!), but typically, they are not as comprehensive as a book. Heres a list of some of the best.Jump Into the Basics: Read the Revised GRE test basics like the length of time youll test, the GRE scores you can expect, and the test sections.Get a Baseline Score:Â  Take one of the full-length practice tests inside the book (or for free online through ETSs PowerPrep II Software) to see what score youd get if you took the test today. After testing, determine the weakest, middle, and strongest of the three sections (Verbal, Quantitative or Analytical Writing) according to your baseline tes t. Set Your Schedule: Map out your time with a time management chart to see where GRE test prep can fit in. Rearrange your schedule if necessary to accommodate test prep, because you must aim to study every day – you only have one month to prepare! Preparing for the GRE in One Month: Week 2 Start Where Youre Weak: Begin coursework with your weakest subject (#1) as demonstrated by the baseline score.Nab The Basics: Learn the basics of this section fully as you read, and take notes about the types of questions asked, the amount of time needed per question, skills required, and content knowledge tested.Dive In: Answer #1 practice questions, reviewing answers after each one. Determine where youre making mistakes. Highlight those areas to return to.Test Yourself: Take a practice test on #1 to determine your level of improvement from the baseline score.Tweak #1: Fine tune #1 by reviewing the areas you highlighted and questions missed on the practice test. Practice this section until you have the strategies cold. Preparing for the GRE in One Month: Week 3 Head to Middle Ground: Move on to your middle subject (#2) as demonstrated by the baseline score.Nab The Basics: Learn the basics of this section fully as you read, and take notes about the types of questions asked, the amount of time needed per question, skills required, and content knowledge tested.Dive In: Answer #2 practice questions, reviewing answers after each one. Determine where youre making mistakes. Highlight those areas to return to.Test Yourself: Take a practice test on #2 to determine your level of improvement from the baseline score.Tweak #2: Fine tune #2 by reviewing the areas you highlighted and questions missed on the practice test. Return to the areas in the text youre still struggling with.Strength Training: Move on to the strongest subject (#3). Learn the basics of this section fully as you read, and take notes about the types of questions asked, the amount of time needed per question, skills required, and content knowledge tested.Dive In: Answer practice questio ns on #3. Test Yourself: Take a practice test on #3 to determine the level of improvement from baseline.Tweak #3: Fine tune #3 if necessary. Preparing for the GRE in One Month: Week 4 Simulate The GRE: Take a full-length practice GRE test, simulating the testing environment as much as possible with time constraints, desk, limited breaks, etc.Score and Review: Grade your practice test and cross-check every wrong answer with the explanation for your wrong answer. Determine the types of questions youre missing and head back to the book to see what you need to do to improve.Test Again: Take one more full-length practice test and rescore. Review incorrect answers.Fuel Your Body: Eat some brain food – studies prove that if you take care of your body, you’ll test smarter!Rest: Get plenty of sleep this week.Relax: Plan a fun evening the night before the exam to reduce your testing anxiety.Prep Prior: Pack your testing supplies the night before: sharpened #2 pencils with a soft eraser, registration ticket, photo ID, watch, snacks or drinks for breaks.Breathe: You did it! You studied successfully for the Revised GRE exam, and youre as ready as youre going to b e!

Human health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human health - Essay Example The development of stress related heat diseases will continue until they become epidemic if adaptation and remedies to the problem are not put into place. As a result of increases in overall temperatures on the surface of the Earth and increase radiant effects from the sun, the increases in non-communicable disease caused by global temperature elevation will continue to increase as human life begins to change in relationship to the effect. Climate change is about the sun. The way in which the radiation of the sun is distributed by the complex systems that prevent the Earth from scorching or freezing from the balance between radiation and the gasses that radiate into the system is essential to understand in order to understand how temperature affects the human body. It is also essential to understand how the sun’s rays affect the overall nature of human health both through giving vitamins, but also in creating damage to the skin, which is the body’s way of regulating tem perature. ... biodiversity loss, changing timing of growing seasons, coastal erosion and aquifer salinisation, permafrost thaw, ocean acidification, and shifting ranges for pests and diseases†. In other words, the entire natural world is at risk for changes that can be detrimental to existing ecological balance and will result in a shift in the way in which disease and pestilence is spread. The UK government is in a constant effort to pass and implement Bills that will require the reduction of greenhouse emissions because of the importance of this problem (Great Britain 2007). The greenhouse effect is defined by the way in which thermal radiation is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere and then re-radiated into a variety of directions. Some of it is radiated towards the Earth. This re-radiation is being increased by the accumulation of gasses in the atmosphere which in turn is increasing the temperature of the Earth’s surface. The natural greenhouse gasses help the Earth to make human life possible by creating the optimum temperature at which life can thrive. Human activities are now putting that balance in jeopardy as deforestation and burning fossil fuels are putting the effect out of balance (Porteous 2008, p. 314). Human activity has created an anthropogenic influence on the ozone layer which impacts the greenhouse gasses and radiation of the sun since the 1950s, but the debate about its existence still rages on (Muller 2010, p. 12). 2.1 Affects of Climate Change The surface effects will be drought, the inability to grow grains, about 25% of the worlds species will be at risk for extinction, and communities will suffer from heat stress that will result in a number of different manifestations (World Bank 2011, p. 78). Industry capacities will change, meaning that work may